Inflammation is involved in many diseases and the role of SPMs have been described in lung infection and inflammation, sepsis, metabolic disorders, SARS-CoV-2, colorectal cancer, liver disease, psychiatric, neurodegenerative, and neurological Disorders. (Giacobbe et al., 2020; Han et al., 2021; Kwon, 2020; Lee, 2021; Mariqueo and Zúñiga-Hernández, 2020; Nijmeh and Levy, 2021; Ungaro et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2021)
SPMs have also been described as communicators between microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, which opens up novel mechanisms of immune regulation and may present new medical targets for brain homeostasis.(Tiberi and Chiurchiù, 2021)
The resolution of inflammation facilitated by SPMs protects tissues from persistent or extreme injury that can become a chronic inflammatory condition, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, and Diabetes mellitus.(Regidor et al., 2020)
Failure of the resolution of inflammation is a key pathological mechanism that causes inflammation-driven diseases, such as cancer and oxidative stress related disease models.(Panigrahy et al., 2021; Ungaro et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020)
The resolution of inflammation occurs by SPMS participating in regulating neutrophil tissue infiltration and stimulating macrophage (immune cells) mediated removal of apoptotic neutrophils, cellular debris, and microbes, as well as reduce the cytokine production.(Panigrahy et al., 2021)
Giacobbe J, Benoiton B, Zunszain P, et al. (2020) The Anti-Inflammatory Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Metabolites in Pre-Clinical Models of Psychiatric, Neurodegenerative, and Neurological Disorders. Frontiers in psychiatry 11. Switzerland: 122. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00122.
Han Y-H, Lee K, Saha A, et al. (2021) Specialized Proresolving Mediators for Therapeutic Interventions Targeting Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders. Biomolecules & therapeutics 29(5). Korea (South): 455–464. DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.094.
Kwon Y (2020) Immuno-Resolving Ability of Resolvins, Protectins, and Maresins Derived from Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Metabolic Syndrome. Molecular nutrition & food research 64(4). Germany: e1900824. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900824.
Lee CH (2021) Role of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators and their receptors in virus infection: a promising therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 cytokine storm. Archives of pharmacal research 44(1). Korea (South): 84–98. DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01299-y.
Mariqueo TA and Zúñiga-Hernández J (2020) Omega-3 derivatives, specialized pro-resolving mediators: Promising therapeutic tools for the treatment of pain in chronic liver disease. Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids 158. Scotland: 102095. DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102095.
Nijmeh J and Levy BD (2021) Lipid-Derived Mediators are Pivotal to Leukocyte and Lung Cell Responses in Sepsis and ARDS. Cell biochemistry and biophysics 79(3). United States: 449–459. DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01012-w.
Panigrahy D, Gilligan MM, Serhan CN, et al. (2021) Resolution of inflammation: An organizing principle in biology and medicine. Pharmacology & therapeutics 227. England: 107879. DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107879.
Regidor P-A, Mueller A, Sailer M, et al. (2020) Chronic Inflammation in PCOS: The Potential Benefits of Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators (SPMs) in the Improvement of the Resolutive Response. International journal of molecular sciences 22(1). Switzerland. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010384.
Tiberi M and Chiurchiù V (2021) Specialized Pro-resolving Lipid Mediators and Glial Cells: Emerging Candidates for Brain Homeostasis and Repair. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 15. Switzerland: 673549. DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.673549.
Ungaro F, D’Alessio S and Danese S (2020) The Role of Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in Colorectal Cancer-Associated Inflammation: Implications for Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers 12(8). Switzerland. DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082060.
Wang F, Huang S, Xia H, et al. (2020) Specialized pro-resolving mediators: It’s anti-oxidant stress role in multiple disease models. Molecular Immunology 126: 40–45. DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.07.017.
Yang A, Wu Y, Yu G, et al. (2021) Role of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in pulmonary inflammation diseases: mechanisms and development. Respiratory Research 22(1): 204. DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01792-y.